Belgeo, 2 | 2003
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper concerns the changes in human geographical research over the last 20 years as far asthe mainstream Anglo-Saxon publications are concerned. We contend that although a lot ofcontinuity appears through the further co-existence of the three broad approaches in geography(regional, theoretical quantitative and radical), societal and scientific changes have brought newelements into geographical practice. They can be captured with four characteristics: humangeography is holographic, ethnographic, constructivist and institutionalist. The two firstcharacteristics are metaphors of the geographical empirical stance that seeks to unveil the wholewithin the parts and the symbolic order behind everyday practice. The two others are moreessential and point to the fact that geography now explicitly examines the socio-spatial reality asa social product shaped by and reshaping human institutions. As a result geography has made alot of progress. It uses more relevant concepts to engage in clarifying the problems of our time,the physical environment is reintroduced in human geography as a hybrid category and the oldopposition between the idiographic and nomothetic approaches is finally transcended. However,there are limits to the postmodern constructivist stance, which imply that radical geographyremains a crucial component of human geography in order to explicit problems of social justice. Ce papier décrit la nature des changements en géographie humaine ces vingt dernières années ense basant essentiellement sur la littérature anglo-saxonne. Bien que beaucoup de continuité semanifeste dans le maintien de la coexistence des trois grands courants de la géographie humaine(régional, théorique-quantitatif et radical), les changements sociaux et scientifiques ont induit denouveaux éléments dans la pratique géographique. Nous les saisissons à l’aide quatrecaractéristiques: la géographie humaine est holographique, ethnographique, institutionnaliste etconstructiviste. Les deux premières caractéristiques sont des métaphores du travail empiriquequi cherche à découvrir les manifestations de l’ensemble dans l’analyse des parts de la réalité etl’ordre symbolique dans les pratiques quotidiennes. Les deux autres sont plus essentielles etindiquent que la géographie considère la réalité socio-spatiale comme produit social et que celle-ci est façonnée par des institutions humaines qui à leur tour sont façonnées par celle-ci. Il enrésulte que la géographie humaine a fait beaucoup de progrès : elle utilise des concepts pluspertinents pour clarifier les enjeux de notre temps, elle réintroduit l’environnement physique entant que catégorie hybride et elle transcende enfin la vieille opposition entre approchesidiographiques et nomothétiques. Cependant nous percevons également des limites à l’approcheThe nature of changes in human geography since the 1980s: variation or progress? Belgeo, 2 | 200314
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